{"id":6889,"date":"2026-04-19T15:47:46","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T13:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/?p=6889"},"modified":"2026-04-19T15:47:46","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T13:47:46","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 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href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#1_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_ESWL\" >1. 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href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#3_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_PCNL\" >3. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f (PCNL)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\" >\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\" >\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F\" >\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%ac%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85\" >\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"58\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"60\" data-end=\"393\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"395\" data-end=\"639\">\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f <strong data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"468\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"641\" data-end=\"672\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"893\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"895\" data-end=\"1043\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1083\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1141\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9_ESWL\"><\/span>1. <strong data-start=\"1093\" data-end=\"1141\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 (ESWL)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1357\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1673\">\n<li data-start=\"1359\" data-end=\"1526\">\n<p data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1382\"><strong data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1381\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ESWL<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1526\">\n<li data-start=\"1385\" data-end=\"1403\">\n<p data-start=\"1387\" data-end=\"1403\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1446\">\n<p data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1446\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1489\">\n<p data-start=\"1451\" data-end=\"1489\">\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1526\">\n<p data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1526\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1673\">\n<p data-start=\"1530\" data-end=\"1541\"><strong data-start=\"1530\" data-end=\"1540\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1673\">\n<li data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1609\">\n<p data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1609\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1612\" data-end=\"1673\">\n<p data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1673\">\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1722\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_PCNL\"><\/span>2. <strong data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"1722\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (PCNL)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1870\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"2135\">\n<li data-start=\"1872\" data-end=\"2044\">\n<p data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1897\"><strong data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1896\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"2044\">\n<li data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1940\">\n<p data-start=\"1902\" data-end=\"1940\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1943\" data-end=\"1992\">\n<p data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"1992\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1995\" data-end=\"2044\">\n<p data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2044\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2046\" data-end=\"2135\">\n<p data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2059\"><strong data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2058\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2135\">\n<li data-start=\"2062\" data-end=\"2084\">\n<p data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2084\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2135\">\n<p data-start=\"2089\" data-end=\"2135\">\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2178\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF_PCNL\"><\/span>3. <strong data-start=\"2145\" data-end=\"2178\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f (PCNL)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2179\" data-end=\"2392\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2394\" data-end=\"2638\">\n<li data-start=\"2394\" data-end=\"2492\">\n<p data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2418\"><strong data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2417\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2421\" data-end=\"2492\">\n<li data-start=\"2421\" data-end=\"2460\">\n<p data-start=\"2423\" data-end=\"2460\">\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2463\" data-end=\"2492\">\n<p data-start=\"2465\" data-end=\"2492\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2494\" data-end=\"2638\">\n<p data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2507\"><strong data-start=\"2496\" data-end=\"2506\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2510\" data-end=\"2638\">\n<li data-start=\"2510\" data-end=\"2562\">\n<p data-start=\"2512\" data-end=\"2562\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2565\" data-end=\"2638\">\n<p data-start=\"2567\" data-end=\"2638\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2684\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2775\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2777\" data-end=\"3023\">\n<li data-start=\"2777\" data-end=\"2840\">\n<p data-start=\"2779\" data-end=\"2840\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2904\">\n<p data-start=\"2843\" data-end=\"2904\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2905\" data-end=\"2967\">\n<p data-start=\"2907\" data-end=\"2967\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2968\" data-end=\"3023\">\n<p data-start=\"2970\" data-end=\"3023\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3025\" data-end=\"3056\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3058\" data-end=\"3390\">\n<li data-start=\"3058\" data-end=\"3173\">\n<p data-start=\"3060\" data-end=\"3173\"><strong data-start=\"3060\" data-end=\"3076\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3174\" data-end=\"3285\">\n<p data-start=\"3176\" data-end=\"3285\"><strong data-start=\"3176\" data-end=\"3191\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3286\" data-end=\"3390\">\n<p data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3390\"><strong data-start=\"3288\" data-end=\"3304\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3392\" data-end=\"3433\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><\/span>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3435\" data-end=\"3526\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3528\" data-end=\"3762\">\n<li data-start=\"3528\" data-end=\"3588\">\n<p data-start=\"3530\" data-end=\"3588\"><strong data-start=\"3530\" data-end=\"3538\">\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3589\" data-end=\"3645\">\n<p data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3645\"><strong data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3599\">\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3646\" data-end=\"3762\">\n<p data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3762\"><strong data-start=\"3648\" data-end=\"3674\">\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"3764\" data-end=\"3809\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3811\" data-end=\"3901\">\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3903\" data-end=\"4327\">\n<li data-start=\"3903\" data-end=\"4004\">\n<p data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"4004\"><strong data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3931\">\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4005\" data-end=\"4088\">\n<p data-start=\"4007\" data-end=\"4088\"><strong data-start=\"4007\" data-end=\"4031\">\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4089\" data-end=\"4220\">\n<p data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4220\"><strong data-start=\"4091\" data-end=\"4119\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4327\">\n<p data-start=\"4223\" data-end=\"4327\"><strong data-start=\"4223\" data-end=\"4241\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"4329\" data-end=\"4369\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"4371\" data-end=\"5159\">\n<li data-start=\"4371\" data-end=\"4545\">\n<p data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4399\"><strong data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4399\">\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4403\" data-end=\"4545\">\n<li data-start=\"4403\" data-end=\"4545\">\n<p data-start=\"4405\" data-end=\"4545\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4547\" data-end=\"4692\">\n<p data-start=\"4550\" data-end=\"4590\"><strong data-start=\"4550\" data-end=\"4590\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4594\" data-end=\"4692\">\n<li data-start=\"4594\" data-end=\"4692\">\n<p data-start=\"4596\" data-end=\"4692\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4694\" data-end=\"4846\">\n<p data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4749\"><strong data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4749\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4753\" data-end=\"4846\">\n<li data-start=\"4753\" data-end=\"4846\">\n<p data-start=\"4755\" data-end=\"4846\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4848\" data-end=\"5011\">\n<p data-start=\"4851\" data-end=\"4893\"><strong data-start=\"4851\" data-end=\"4893\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4897\" data-end=\"5011\">\n<li data-start=\"4897\" data-end=\"5011\">\n<p data-start=\"4899\" data-end=\"5011\">\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 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