{"id":5075,"date":"2025-12-08T03:48:22","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T01:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/?p=5075"},"modified":"2025-12-08T03:48:22","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T01:48:22","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"streaming-animation markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85\" >\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\" >\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_ESWL\" >1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (ESWL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_Laser_Lithotripsy\" >2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (Laser Lithotripsy)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1_Ureteroscopy\" >3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 (Ureteroscopy)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\" >\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA\" >\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%ad%d8%b5%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a\/#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"qt1bl8\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"52\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%91%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%B5_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85\"><\/span>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"375\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a <strong data-start=\"335\" data-end=\"354\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0643\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"13xhwp\" data-start=\"377\" data-end=\"403\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"749\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong data-start=\"697\" data-end=\"725\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"748\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"rpnvs\" data-start=\"751\" data-end=\"776\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"817\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_ESWL\"><\/span>1. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (ESWL)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"1102\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1140\"><strong data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1139\">\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1298\">\n<li data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1198\">\n<p data-start=\"1143\" data-end=\"1198\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1199\" data-end=\"1228\">\n<p data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1228\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1298\">\n<p data-start=\"1231\" data-end=\"1298\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1343\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1_Laser_Lithotripsy\"><\/span>2. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (Laser Lithotripsy)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1344\" data-end=\"1529\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1558\"><strong data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1557\">\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1761\">\n<li data-start=\"1559\" data-end=\"1598\">\n<p data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1598\">\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1710\">\n<p data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1710\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1761\">\n<p data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1761\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1805\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1_Ureteroscopy\"><\/span>3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 (Ureteroscopy)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1806\" data-end=\"2030\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2032\" data-end=\"2063\"><strong data-start=\"2032\" data-end=\"2062\">\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2189\">\n<li data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2141\">\n<p data-start=\"2066\" data-end=\"2141\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2142\" data-end=\"2189\">\n<p data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2189\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"kbdq6v\" data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2230\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D8%9F\"><\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u061f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2231\" data-end=\"2268\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2501\">\n<li data-start=\"2269\" data-end=\"2335\">\n<p data-start=\"2271\" data-end=\"2335\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2378\">\n<p data-start=\"2338\" data-end=\"2378\">\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2379\" data-end=\"2453\">\n<p data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2453\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2454\" data-end=\"2501\">\n<p data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2501\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"zsd6ho\" data-start=\"2503\" data-end=\"2528\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2571\">\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2929\">\n<li data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2692\">\n<p data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2692\"><strong data-start=\"2576\" data-end=\"2591\">\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2693\" data-end=\"2795\">\n<p data-start=\"2696\" data-end=\"2795\"><strong data-start=\"2696\" data-end=\"2715\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2929\">\n<p data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2929\"><strong data-start=\"2799\" data-end=\"2824\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1uhhkme\" data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"2963\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2964\" data-end=\"3051\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3052\" data-end=\"3427\">\n<li data-start=\"3052\" data-end=\"3113\">\n<p data-start=\"3054\" data-end=\"3113\"><strong data-start=\"3054\" data-end=\"3067\">\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3114\" data-end=\"3209\">\n<p data-start=\"3116\" data-end=\"3209\"><strong data-start=\"3116\" data-end=\"3140\">\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3210\" data-end=\"3293\">\n<p data-start=\"3212\" data-end=\"3293\"><strong data-start=\"3212\" data-end=\"3238\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3294\" data-end=\"3427\">\n<p data-start=\"3296\" data-end=\"3427\"><strong data-start=\"3296\" data-end=\"3315\">\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"11dx9hj\" data-start=\"3429\" data-end=\"3453\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD_%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA\"><\/span>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3454\" data-end=\"3548\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"3550\" data-end=\"3850\">\n<li data-start=\"3550\" data-end=\"3641\">\n<p data-start=\"3553\" data-end=\"3641\"><strong data-start=\"3553\" data-end=\"3581\">\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3642\" data-end=\"3741\">\n<p data-start=\"3645\" data-end=\"3741\"><strong data-start=\"3645\" data-end=\"3669\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3742\" data-end=\"3850\">\n<p data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3850\"><strong data-start=\"3745\" data-end=\"3772\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"37ddqs\" data-start=\"3852\" data-end=\"3876\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"3920\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3921\" data-end=\"4192\">\n<li data-start=\"3921\" data-end=\"4006\">\n<p data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"4006\"><strong data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"3951\">\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4007\" data-end=\"4089\">\n<p data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4089\"><strong data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4048\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/strong>: \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4090\" data-end=\"4192\">\n<p data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4192\"><strong data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4116\">\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"uc2t8k\" data-start=\"4194\" data-end=\"4233\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4235\" data-end=\"4241\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"4235\" data-end=\"4241\" data-is-last-node=\"\">1.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0645\u0646&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-19"],"acf":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9839,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5075\/revisions\/9839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/araburology.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}